The Nairobi Declaration calls on world leaders to support the proposal for a global carbon taxation regime, including a carbon tax on fossil fuel trade, maritime transport, and aviation. It also suggests the possibility of a global financial transaction tax. Human rights activist Graça Machel described the declaration as a "huge step forward" and emphasized that Africa is not here to be helped, but to offer opportunities for investment and solutions. The declaration argues that these measures would ensure large-scale financing for climate-related investments and protect tax increases from geopolitical and domestic political pressures.

While around two dozen countries currently impose taxes on carbon, the idea of a global carbon tax regime has not gained much traction. In the past, proposals for a financial transaction tax in the European Union to finance environmental priorities did not receive unanimous approval. Some activists argue that carbon credits, which allow polluters to offset emissions by funding green activities, are a pretext for big polluters to continue emitting carbon dioxide. The summit also faced criticism for not focusing enough on helping Africans adapt to extreme weather, and protesters demonstrated against Africa's plan to sell carbon credits to foreign countries.

Despite these challenges, the Africa Climate Summit saw commitments of $23 billion to green projects from international governments, development banks, private investors, and philanthropists. However, African leaders acknowledged that these investments only scratch the surface of the continent's financial needs and called for more systemic changes. The summit highlighted the urgent need for increased financing and support to address the impacts of climate change in Africa.

Original news source: Africa proposes global carbon taxes to fight climate change (BBC)

– News Summary
Instructions: Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group with a copy of the article. Instruct them to read the article and then work together to create a concise summary of the main points. After a designated amount of time, each group will share their summary with the class.
– Opinion Poll
Instructions: Have the class form pairs or small groups. Give each group a list of questions related to the article, such as "Do you think a global carbon tax regime is necessary? Why or why not?" or "What are some potential challenges of implementing a global carbon tax?" Instruct each group to discuss the questions and record their opinions. Afterward, have each group share their opinions with the class.
– Pros and Cons
Instructions: Divide the class into two groups. Assign one group to argue the pros of implementing a global carbon tax regime, and the other group to argue the cons. Give each group time to prepare their arguments and then hold a debate in the class. Encourage students to use evidence from the article to support their arguments.
– Keyword Hangman
Instructions: Write several keywords from the article on the board, leaving out some of the letters. Divide the class into two teams and have them take turns guessing the missing letters to complete the keywords. Each team can earn points for correctly guessing a letter or for correctly guessing the full keyword. This activity will help students review and reinforce vocabulary from the article.
– Future Predictions
Instructions: Ask the students to imagine themselves as world leaders attending the COP28 summit in November. Instruct them to write a short speech or statement outlining their position on the proposal for a global carbon tax regime. They should consider the potential benefits and challenges discussed in the article and provide their own predictions for the outcome of the summit. Afterward, encourage students to share their speeches with the class and engage in a discussion about their different perspectives.

African leaders have proposed a global carbon tax regime in a joint declaration called the Nairobi Declaration. The declaration was released at the end of the three-day Africa Climate ? in Kenya's ?. The African heads of ? plan to use the declaration as the basis for their negotiating position at the upcoming COP28 summit in November. The summit focused on mobilizing financing to adapt to extreme weather, conserve natural resources, and develop renewable energy. Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate ? but receives only about 12% of the financing it needs to cope. The ? Declaration calls on world leaders to support the proposal for a ? carbon taxation regime, including a carbon tax on fossil fuel ?, maritime transport, and ?. It also suggests the possibility of a global financial transaction tax. Human rights activist Graça Machel described the declaration as a "huge step forward" and emphasized that Africa is not here to be helped, but to offer opportunities for investment and solutions. The declaration argues that these measures would ensure large-scale financing for climate-related investments and protect tax increases from geopolitical and ? political pressures. While around two dozen countries currently impose taxes on ?, the idea of a global carbon tax regime has not gained much traction. In the past, proposals for a financial transaction tax in the European Union to finance environmental priorities did not receive unanimous approval. Some activists argue that carbon credits, which allow polluters to offset emissions by funding green activities, are a pretext for big polluters to continue ? carbon dioxide. The summit also faced criticism for not focusing enough on ? Africans adapt to extreme ?, and protesters demonstrated against Africa's plan to sell carbon ? to foreign countries. Despite these challenges, the Africa ? Summit saw commitments of $23 billion to green projects from international governments, development banks, private investors, and philanthropists. However, African leaders ? that these investments only scratch the surface of the continent's financial needs and called for more systemic changes. The summit highlighted the urgent need for increased financing and support to address the impacts of climate change in Africa.

1. What is a global carbon tax regime and why do you think African leaders are proposing it?
2. How would you feel if your country imposed a carbon tax on fossil fuel trade, maritime transport, and aviation?
3. Do you think a global financial transaction tax is a good idea? Why or why not?
4. Why do you think some activists argue that carbon credits are a pretext for big polluters to continue emitting carbon dioxide?
5. How do you think a global carbon tax regime would ensure large-scale financing for climate-related investments?
6. Do you think the Africa Climate Summit focused enough on helping Africans adapt to extreme weather? Why or why not?
7. What are some systemic changes that African leaders are calling for to address the impacts of climate change in Africa?
8. How do you think the $23 billion in commitments to green projects will benefit Africa?
9. What are some other ways that countries can contribute to financing and support for addressing climate change in Africa?
10. Do you think it is fair for Africa to sell carbon credits to foreign countries? Why or why not?
11. How do you think the global carbon tax regime proposed by African leaders would protect tax increases from geopolitical and domestic political pressures?
12. What are some potential challenges that could arise from implementing a global carbon tax regime?
13. How do you think the African heads of state can convince world leaders to support their proposal for a global carbon taxation regime?
14. Do you think the declaration released at the Africa Climate Summit is a significant step forward in addressing climate change? Why or why not?
15. How do you think the financing gap for climate change in Africa can be closed?

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