Paul Holmes -
University
English Professor

Free Materials For ESL Teachers and Learners

“Hamlet” ESL Discussion Questions

I. Understanding the Characters
1. Who is Hamlet in the play?
2. Can you describe the relationship between Hamlet and his mother, Gertrude?
3. What kind of person is King Claudius?
4. How does Ophelia feel about Hamlet?
5. Who are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and what is their role in the play?

II. Themes in Hamlet
6. What is the main theme of Hamlet?
7. How does the theme of revenge drive the plot of the play?
8. What does Hamlet say about life and death?
9. Can you find a theme of madness in Hamlet? How is it shown?
10. How does the idea of betrayal affect the characters in Hamlet?

III. Plot and Structure
11. What is the ghost’s role in the story?
12. How does Hamlet react to the ghost’s revelation?
13. What is the significance of the play within the play, “The Mousetrap”?
14. How does Hamlet’s hesitation affect the story?
15. What events lead to the tragic ending of the play?

IV. Quotes and Language
16. Can you remember any famous lines from Hamlet?
17. What does “To be, or not to be” mean to you?
18. How does Shakespeare use language to show emotion in Hamlet?
19. What are some examples of metaphors in the play?
20. How does the language in Hamlet differ from modern English?

V. Symbolism and Imagery
21. What does the skull symbolize in Hamlet?
22. Are there any symbols related to plants or flowers in the play?
23. How does darkness or light play a symbolic role in Hamlet?
24. What might the sea represent in the play?
25. Can you identify any imagery that suggests corruption or decay?

VI. Interpretations and Adaptations
26. How have different actors portrayed Hamlet?
27. Are there any modern adaptations of Hamlet you know of?
28. How might Hamlet be interpreted in a contemporary setting?
29. Can you think of any films inspired by Hamlet?
30. How do different cultures interpret Hamlet?

VII. Morality and Ethics
31. Is Hamlet a moral character?
32. How do the characters in Hamlet deal with guilt?
33. What ethical dilemmas does Hamlet face?
34. How do the characters justify their actions?
35. Do you think justice is served by the end of the play?

VIII. Relationships and Interactions
36. How does Hamlet’s relationship with his father influence him?
37. What is the nature of Hamlet and Horatio’s friendship?
38. How do the characters in Hamlet communicate with each other?
39. What can we learn about love from Hamlet and Ophelia’s relationship?
40. How does the relationship between Claudius and Gertrude affect the plot?

IX. Motivations and Desires
41. What motivates Hamlet to seek revenge?
42. Why does Ophelia obey her father, Polonius?
43. What does Claudius desire most in the play?
44. How do the characters’ desires lead to conflict?
45. What does Hamlet desire beyond revenge?

X. Conflict and Resolution
46. What are the main conflicts in Hamlet?
47. How does internal conflict affect Hamlet’s decisions?
48. How are conflicts between characters resolved?
49. Does the play offer a resolution to the theme of revenge?
50. What could have been done to avoid the tragic ending?

XI. Historical and Social Context
51. How does the historical context of Hamlet influence the story?
52. What social issues of Shakespeare’s time are reflected in Hamlet?
53. How might audiences in Shakespeare’s time have reacted to Hamlet?
54. What are the differences between royal life and common life shown in the play?
55. How does Hamlet address the idea of power and leadership?

XII. Personal Reflections
56. Can you relate to any of the characters in Hamlet? How?
57. What lessons can we learn from Hamlet?
58. How does Hamlet’s story make you feel about your own life decisions?
59. What would you have done differently if you were Hamlet?
60. Do you think Hamlet is still relevant today? Why or why not?

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