The heat is also affecting the city of São Paulo. On Tuesday, the average temperature there was 37.3C. The National Institute of Meteorology has issued red alerts for a big part of the country, which means temperatures might be 5C higher than usual for a long time. This is really dangerous for people's health. Because of the heat, people are using a lot more energy to try to stay cool.

This heatwave is happening more than a month before summer is supposed to start in the southern hemisphere. Research has shown that temperatures in Brazil have been higher than normal from July to October. Climate change is making extreme weather happen more often and be more intense all over the world. Heatwaves are expected to keep getting worse as long as we keep putting greenhouse gases into the air.

Besides climate change, Brazil is also going through something called El Niño, which makes the whole world hotter. The heatwave is expected to last until at least Friday and is affecting cities like São Paulo. It's been really hard for people to work and sleep because of the extreme heat. Some people say it's unbearable. It's really important for individuals and governments to do something about climate change and protect the people who are most at risk from extreme heat.

Original news source: Brazil: Health warnings as country gripped by 'unbearable' heatwave (BBC)

– News Reporter Role-play
Instructions: Students pair up, with one student taking on the role of a news reporter and the other being an expert on climate issues. The reporter conducts an interview with the expert about the recent heatwave in Brazil, using information from the article. Encourage students to use their own words and expand on the topic with questions about the causes and effects of climate change and El Niño.
– Opinion Poll
Instructions: Create a series of statements about climate change, El Niño, and their effects based on the article's content. Students walk around the class and poll their classmates to find out their opinions on these issues. They should use phrases like "Do you agree that…", "What is your opinion on…", and "How do you feel about…". After polling, students can discuss the results in small groups or as a class, providing an opportunity to practice agreeing and disagreeing politely.
– Word Association
Instructions: Write the word 'Heatwave' on the board. Students take turns coming to the board and writing a word or phrase associated with 'Heatwave' that they remember from the article or that they associate with it. This can include related vocabulary such as 'El Niño', 'climate change', 'red alert', 'humidity', etc. Discuss the words as a class, and encourage students to use them in sentences.
– Future Predictions
Instructions: Based on the information in the article about the heatwave in Brazil and the role of climate change, students make predictions about the future of the Earth's climate. They can discuss these predictions in pairs or small groups, using the future simple tense (will) and future perfect tense (will have + past participle). Encourage them to consider both short-term and long-term predictions, and what actions might be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change.
– Pass the Story
Instructions: Start a story that relates to the article, for example, "In the city of Rio de Janeiro, where temperatures soared to record highs, a group of friends decided to…" Each student then adds a sentence to the story, passing it along from one student to the next. The goal is to create a coherent narrative that includes vocabulary and themes from the article about the heatwave, El Niño, and climate change, while also practicing creative storytelling and past tense narration.

Brazil is going through a really hot time right now. Almost 3,000 towns and cities have been put on red alert because of the heat. In Rio de ?, the temperature ? a record-breaking 42.5C on Sunday. It felt even ? because of the high humidity, reaching a crazy 58.5C. Over a hundred million people have been ? by this extreme heat, and it's expected to last until at least Friday. Officials say this is happening because of something called El Niño and climate ?. The heat is also affecting the city of São ?. On Tuesday, the average temperature there was 37.3C. The National Institute of Meteorology has issued red alerts for a big part of the country, which means temperatures might be 5C higher than usual for a long time. This is really dangerous for ?'s health. Because of the heat, people are using a lot more ? to try to stay cool. This heatwave is ?ing more than a month before summer is supposed to start in the southern hemisphere. Research has shown that temperatures in Brazil have been higher than normal from July to October. Climate change is making extreme weather happen more often and be more ? all over the ?. Heatwaves are expected to keep getting ? as long as we keep putting greenhouse gases into the air. Besides climate change, Brazil is also going through something called El Niño, which ? the ? world hotter. The heatwave is expected to last until at least Friday and is ? cities like São Paulo. It's been really hard for people to work and sleep because of the extreme heat. Some people say it's ?. It's really important for individuals and governments to do something about climate change and protect the people who are most at risk from extreme heat.

1. What is the hottest temperature you have ever experienced? How did you feel?
2. How do you usually stay cool during a heatwave?
3. Do you think it's important for schools to teach about climate change? Why or why not?
4. What are some ways people can help reduce climate change?
5. Have you ever heard of El Niño before? What do you think it is?
6. Why do you think extreme weather is becoming more common?
7. How would you feel if your city was put on a red alert for heat?
8. Do you like hot weather or do you prefer it to be cooler? Why?
9. What do you think governments should do to protect people from extreme heat?
10. Do you think climate change will affect your future? In what ways?
11. Have you ever had any problems sleeping because it was too hot? What did you do?
12. What is your opinion on using air conditioning to stay cool? Do you think it's good or bad for the environment?
13. If you could invent something to help people during a heatwave, what would it be?
14. Do you think there are any benefits to having a hot climate?
15. How do you think we can educate more people about the dangers of climate change?

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